- Tue Jun 05, 2018 5:43 am#136
1. Sentence যদি Present indefinite tense হয় এবং Subject যদি Third Person singular number হয়, তবে verb-এর সঙ্গে s/es যুক্ত হয়।
যেমন:
# She (write) a letter.
Ans.: She writes a letter.
# The baby (cry).
Ans.: The baby cries.
2. Before দ্বারা দুটি Past tense যুক্ত থাকলে before-এর আগের অংশে Past perfect tense এবং পরের অংশ Past indefinite tense হয়।
যেমন:
We (reach) our school before the bell rang.
Ans.: We had reached our school before the bell rang.
The patient had died before the doctor (come).
Ans.: The patient had died before the doctor came.
3. After দ্বারা দুটি Past tense যুক্ত থাকলে এর আগের অংশ Past indefinite tense এবং পরের অংশ Past perfect tense হয়। যেমন:
They arrived the station after the train (leave).
Ans.: They arrived the station after the train had left.
The patient (die) after the doctor had come.
Ans.: The patient died after the doctor had come.
4. No sooner had ............. than,
5. Scarcely had .......... when,
6. Hardly had .......... when—প্রথম অংশ Past perfect tense অনুযায়ী হয়, অর্থাৎ verb-এর Past participle form হবে। দ্বিতীয় অংশ Past indefinite tense অনুযায়ী হয়, অর্থাৎ verb-এর Past form হয়।
যেমন:
No sooner had the bell (ring) than the teacher (enter) the classroom.
Ans.: No sooner had the bell rung than the teacher entered the classroom.
Scarcely had he (arrive) at the bus stand when the bus (leave).
Ans.: Scarcely had he arrived at the bus stand when the bus left.
Hardly had the snatcher (take) the chain when he (run) away.
Ans.: Hardly had the snatcher taken the chain when he ran away.
Md Sahedur Rahman Sahed
7. সাধারণত since দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত থাকলে এবং since-এর আগের অংশ Present indefinite/Present perfect tense হলে পরের অংশ Past indefinite tense হয়।
যেমন:
It is many years since he (give) up smoking.
Ans.: It is many years since he gave up smoking.
Five years have passed since he (leave) the house.
Ans.: Five years have passed since he left the house.
8.. আবার since দ্বারা clause যুক্ত থাকলে এবং since-এর আগে clause বা বাক্যের অংশ Past indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশ verb -এর Past perfect tense হয়। যেমন:
Many years passed since I (meet) him last.
Ans.: Many years passed since I had met him last.
It was many years since I (visit) there.
Ans.: It was many years since I had visited there.
9. Passive voice-এ সর্বদা verb-এর past participle form হয়।
যেমন:
This work was (do) by him.
Ans.: This work was done by him.
The problem has been (solve) by him.
Ans.: The problem has been solved by him.
The school was (close) for sine die.
Ans.: The school was closed for sine die.
10. Simple sentence-এ দুটি verb থাকলে দ্বিতীয় verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয় অথবা দ্বিতীয় verbটির আগে to বসে।
যেমন:
He saw the boy (play) in the field.
Ans.: He saw the boy playing in the field.
I heard him (speak).
Ans.: I heard him speaking.
He helps me (make) the house.
Ans.: He helps me making the house.
Md Sahedur Rahman Sahed
12. Note : দ্বিতীয় verbটি যদি উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে ব্যবহূত হয় তবে দ্বিতীয় verb-এর আগে to বসে।
যেমন:
I went to the library (read) newspaper.
Ans.: I went to the library to read newspaper.
He repaired the boat (sell) it.
Ans.: He repaired the boat to sell it.
13. Modal auxiliary verb যেমন : can, could, may, might, should, would, ought to, used to, must ইত্যাদি থাকলে মূল verb-এর present form হয়।
যেমন:
He can (do) it easily. Ans.: He can do it easily.
Everybody should (respect) his parents.
Ans.: Everybody should respect his parents.
It may (rain) today. Ans.: It may rain today.
14. সাধারণত sentence যদি ভবিষ্যৎ নির্দেশক শব্দ বা phrase যেমন: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in future, next ইত্যাদি থাকলে future indefinite tense হবে এবং verb-এর present form বসে।
যেমন:
I (go) to Dhaka tomorrow.
Ans.: I shall go to Dhaka tomorrow.
He (join) there the next day.
Ans.: He will join there the next day.
15. Sentence-এর subject singular number হলে verb singular হয় এবং subject plural হলে verb plural number হয়।
যেমন:
The taste of the mangoes (to be) sour.
Ans.: The taste of the mangoes is sour.
The flowers of the garden (to be) beautiful.
Ans.: The flowers of the garden are beautiful.
These papers (to be) printed.
Ans.: These papers are printed.
Md Sahedur Rahman Sahed
16. মূল verb-এর আগে to be বা having থাকলে verb-এর past participle form হয়। যেমন:
A community centre is going to be (establish).
Ans.: A community centre is going to be established.
I do not mind (have) a cup of coffee.
Ans.: I do not mind having a cup of coffee.
He went home (have) his salary.
Ans.: He went home having his salary.
17. সাধারণত It is time, it is high time, wish ইত্যাদির পরে subject ও bracket-এ মূল verb থাকলে verb-এর past form হয়।
যেমন:
It is time you (finish) a course on English language.
Ans.: It is time you finished a course on English language.
I wish I (sing). Ans.: I wish I sang.
আবার, It is time, it is high time-এর পর যদি bracket-এ মূল verb থাকে, তবে ওই verb-এর আগে to বসবে এবং ওই verb অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।
যেমন:
It is time (play).
Ans.: It is time to play.
It is high time (stand) by the flood-affected people.
Ans.: It is high time to stand by the flood-affected people.
18. As if, as though, wish ইত্যাদি থাকলে subject-এর পরে be verb-এর পরিবর্তে were বসে।
যেমন: He behaves as if he (be) a leader.
Ans.: He behaves as if he were a leader.
I wish I (be) a millionaire.
Ans.: I wish I were a millionaire.
19. As if, as though দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত থাকলে প্রথম clauseটি Present tense হলে পরবর্তী clauseটি Past indefinite হয়। প্রথম clauseটি Past tense হলে পরের clauseটি Past perfect tense হয়।
যেমন: He behaves as if he (buy) the car.
Ans.: He behaves as if he bought the car.
He spoke as though he (do) a great task.
Ans.: He spoke as though he had done a great task.
20. While যুক্ত sentence-এ while-এর পরে verb থাকলে verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয়। আবার while-এর পরে subject থাকলে Past continuous tense হয়।
যেমন: While (take) dinner, he received the phone.
Ans.: While taking dinner, he received the phone.
While I (play) in the field, I saw him coming.
Ans.: While I was playing in the field, I saw him coming.
যেমন:
# She (write) a letter.
Ans.: She writes a letter.
# The baby (cry).
Ans.: The baby cries.
2. Before দ্বারা দুটি Past tense যুক্ত থাকলে before-এর আগের অংশে Past perfect tense এবং পরের অংশ Past indefinite tense হয়।
যেমন:
We (reach) our school before the bell rang.
Ans.: We had reached our school before the bell rang.
The patient had died before the doctor (come).
Ans.: The patient had died before the doctor came.
3. After দ্বারা দুটি Past tense যুক্ত থাকলে এর আগের অংশ Past indefinite tense এবং পরের অংশ Past perfect tense হয়। যেমন:
They arrived the station after the train (leave).
Ans.: They arrived the station after the train had left.
The patient (die) after the doctor had come.
Ans.: The patient died after the doctor had come.
4. No sooner had ............. than,
5. Scarcely had .......... when,
6. Hardly had .......... when—প্রথম অংশ Past perfect tense অনুযায়ী হয়, অর্থাৎ verb-এর Past participle form হবে। দ্বিতীয় অংশ Past indefinite tense অনুযায়ী হয়, অর্থাৎ verb-এর Past form হয়।
যেমন:
No sooner had the bell (ring) than the teacher (enter) the classroom.
Ans.: No sooner had the bell rung than the teacher entered the classroom.
Scarcely had he (arrive) at the bus stand when the bus (leave).
Ans.: Scarcely had he arrived at the bus stand when the bus left.
Hardly had the snatcher (take) the chain when he (run) away.
Ans.: Hardly had the snatcher taken the chain when he ran away.
Md Sahedur Rahman Sahed
7. সাধারণত since দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত থাকলে এবং since-এর আগের অংশ Present indefinite/Present perfect tense হলে পরের অংশ Past indefinite tense হয়।
যেমন:
It is many years since he (give) up smoking.
Ans.: It is many years since he gave up smoking.
Five years have passed since he (leave) the house.
Ans.: Five years have passed since he left the house.
8.. আবার since দ্বারা clause যুক্ত থাকলে এবং since-এর আগে clause বা বাক্যের অংশ Past indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশ verb -এর Past perfect tense হয়। যেমন:
Many years passed since I (meet) him last.
Ans.: Many years passed since I had met him last.
It was many years since I (visit) there.
Ans.: It was many years since I had visited there.
9. Passive voice-এ সর্বদা verb-এর past participle form হয়।
যেমন:
This work was (do) by him.
Ans.: This work was done by him.
The problem has been (solve) by him.
Ans.: The problem has been solved by him.
The school was (close) for sine die.
Ans.: The school was closed for sine die.
10. Simple sentence-এ দুটি verb থাকলে দ্বিতীয় verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয় অথবা দ্বিতীয় verbটির আগে to বসে।
যেমন:
He saw the boy (play) in the field.
Ans.: He saw the boy playing in the field.
I heard him (speak).
Ans.: I heard him speaking.
He helps me (make) the house.
Ans.: He helps me making the house.
Md Sahedur Rahman Sahed
12. Note : দ্বিতীয় verbটি যদি উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে ব্যবহূত হয় তবে দ্বিতীয় verb-এর আগে to বসে।
যেমন:
I went to the library (read) newspaper.
Ans.: I went to the library to read newspaper.
He repaired the boat (sell) it.
Ans.: He repaired the boat to sell it.
13. Modal auxiliary verb যেমন : can, could, may, might, should, would, ought to, used to, must ইত্যাদি থাকলে মূল verb-এর present form হয়।
যেমন:
He can (do) it easily. Ans.: He can do it easily.
Everybody should (respect) his parents.
Ans.: Everybody should respect his parents.
It may (rain) today. Ans.: It may rain today.
14. সাধারণত sentence যদি ভবিষ্যৎ নির্দেশক শব্দ বা phrase যেমন: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in future, next ইত্যাদি থাকলে future indefinite tense হবে এবং verb-এর present form বসে।
যেমন:
I (go) to Dhaka tomorrow.
Ans.: I shall go to Dhaka tomorrow.
He (join) there the next day.
Ans.: He will join there the next day.
15. Sentence-এর subject singular number হলে verb singular হয় এবং subject plural হলে verb plural number হয়।
যেমন:
The taste of the mangoes (to be) sour.
Ans.: The taste of the mangoes is sour.
The flowers of the garden (to be) beautiful.
Ans.: The flowers of the garden are beautiful.
These papers (to be) printed.
Ans.: These papers are printed.
Md Sahedur Rahman Sahed
16. মূল verb-এর আগে to be বা having থাকলে verb-এর past participle form হয়। যেমন:
A community centre is going to be (establish).
Ans.: A community centre is going to be established.
I do not mind (have) a cup of coffee.
Ans.: I do not mind having a cup of coffee.
He went home (have) his salary.
Ans.: He went home having his salary.
17. সাধারণত It is time, it is high time, wish ইত্যাদির পরে subject ও bracket-এ মূল verb থাকলে verb-এর past form হয়।
যেমন:
It is time you (finish) a course on English language.
Ans.: It is time you finished a course on English language.
I wish I (sing). Ans.: I wish I sang.
আবার, It is time, it is high time-এর পর যদি bracket-এ মূল verb থাকে, তবে ওই verb-এর আগে to বসবে এবং ওই verb অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।
যেমন:
It is time (play).
Ans.: It is time to play.
It is high time (stand) by the flood-affected people.
Ans.: It is high time to stand by the flood-affected people.
18. As if, as though, wish ইত্যাদি থাকলে subject-এর পরে be verb-এর পরিবর্তে were বসে।
যেমন: He behaves as if he (be) a leader.
Ans.: He behaves as if he were a leader.
I wish I (be) a millionaire.
Ans.: I wish I were a millionaire.
19. As if, as though দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত থাকলে প্রথম clauseটি Present tense হলে পরবর্তী clauseটি Past indefinite হয়। প্রথম clauseটি Past tense হলে পরের clauseটি Past perfect tense হয়।
যেমন: He behaves as if he (buy) the car.
Ans.: He behaves as if he bought the car.
He spoke as though he (do) a great task.
Ans.: He spoke as though he had done a great task.
20. While যুক্ত sentence-এ while-এর পরে verb থাকলে verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয়। আবার while-এর পরে subject থাকলে Past continuous tense হয়।
যেমন: While (take) dinner, he received the phone.
Ans.: While taking dinner, he received the phone.
While I (play) in the field, I saw him coming.
Ans.: While I was playing in the field, I saw him coming.
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